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Cupressus lusitanica
Cupressus lusitanica is an evergreen tree, 35 m high, with a dense, conical crown. Native to Central America C. lusitanica was introduced in Kenya in 1910 and has since become an important industrial and plantation crop. And is planted in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania and Uganda . Trees produce poles after 10 years and general-purpose timber after 20 years. They need to be protected from fire and rodent attack. C. lusitanica is a good source of firewood. The timber is white, saws cleanly and has straight fine grain; it is a source of construction wood and pulp wood and is used for furniture, poles and posts.
Source: AgroForestryTree Database
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Native to Australia , E. camadulensis is regarded as one of the most widely planted eucalypts in the world with ca 500,000 ha planted. Plantations occur in Argentina, Arizona, California, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tanzania, Upper Volta, Uruguay and Zimbabwe. The trees grow to 25-50 m high with a stout trunk, often short and crooked. The crown is open and wide spreading. Important timber, firewood, shelter belt and honey tree. The wood, durable, easy to saw, yet resistant to termites, is widely used in Australia for strong durable construction, interior finish, flooring, cabinetry, furniture, fence posts, cross-ties, sometimes pulpwood.
Source: Center for New Crops & Plant Products. Purdue University .
Eucalyptus globulus
Native to Australia, E. globulus is a medium to very tall forest tree which may reach 70 metres in ideal conditions but is more commonly 35-55 metres in height. It has an open textured wood with distinct growth rings. The timber is strong and durable and is used for a variety of purposes including railway sleepers, piles, paper making, oil and honey. The tree coppices well and are useful as fuel-wood. The oil content is relatively low but that hasn't prevented substantial oil harvesting from the species and is used in perfumery and in soap making. Blue gum is the most common plantation hardwood in Australia . It comprises 65% of all plantation hardwood in Australia with approximately 450,000 ha planted.
Source: Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants (ASGAP)
and Australia 's Plantations 2006 - Parsons, M., Gavran, M. and Davidson, J.
Eucalyptus grandis
Native to the east coast of Australia , Euc. grandis is one of the premier forest species in the Australian States of Queensland and New South Wales where it grows 43 to 55 m tall and 122 to 183 cm in diameter. Its form is excellent with tall, straight, clean holes up to two-thirds of the total height. The bark is thin and deciduous, shedding in strips to expose a smooth surface.
It is one of the most important commercial eucalypts, with more than one-half million hectares planted in tropical and subtropical areas on four continents. Massive planting programs have been carried out in the Republic of South Africa and Brazil and there are substantial plantings in Angola, Argentina, India, Uruguay, Zaire, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Source: George Meskimen and John K. Francis
Eucalyptus saligna
Eucalyptus saligna is a fast-growing, straight-shafted tree that may reach 35 to 55 m in height and 120 to 150 cm d.b.h. The smooth bark has a light tone, frequently with a bluish shine and it comes loose in long strips down to the base of the shaft.
The wood of E. saligna is used in heavy and light construction and for furniture, boxes and plank molding. It is primarily used for pulp, plywood and agglomerate boards; in cabinetmaking and carpentry; and as crossbeams, long-lasting posts, and pilings. As round wood, it is used as transmission poles, firewood and charcoal.
Source: W. S. Dvorak. Central America and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative (CAMCORE) Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University.
Gmelina arborea
Is fast growing deciduous tree occurring naturally throughout the greater part of India up to 1500 m and prefers moist fertile valleys with 750-4500 mm rainfall. It is planted extensively in Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malaysia and on an experimental basis in other countries as well. It attains a moderate to large height up to 30 m with a girth of 1.2 to 4.5 m with a clear bole of 9-15 m. Gmelina arborea coppices very well with vigorous growth.
The timber is reasonably strong for its weight. It is used in construction, furniture, door and window panels among others. Once seasoned, it is a very steady timber and moderately resistant to decay and ranges from very resistant to moderately resistant to termites.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
Grevillea robusta
Native to eastern coastal Australia Grevillea robusta is a fast growing evergreen tree which reaches a height of 20-35 m. It has a pyramidal to oval shape, eventually developing a few heavy horizontal limbs and a thick trunk.
Reference: Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson Fact Sheet ST-285. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. November 1993.
Khaya anthotheca
Indigenous to Tanzania Khaya Anthotheca occurs at medium to low altitudes in evergreen forests and riverine fringe forests. In Tanzania it is commonly found in the foothills of mountain ranges, in well-drained soils, swamps and riverine areas. It has been successfully grown in South Africa, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
The wood weathers well and resists borers and termites. It is moderately resistant to fungal decay. The timber saws well but is inclined to be tough so sharp equipment is needed. It is a popular wood for furniture, flooring, paneling and boat building.
Source: Indigenous multipurpose trees of Tanzania: Uses and economic benefits for people. Deborah A. Hines & Karlyn Eckman. 1993.
Grevillea robusta
Native to eastern coastal Australia Grevillea robusta is a fast growing evergreen tree which reaches a height of 20-35 m. It has a pyramidal to oval shape, eventually developing a few heavy horizontal limbs and a thick trunk.
Reference: Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson Fact Sheet ST-285. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. November 1993.
Khaya anthotheca
Indigenous to Tanzania Khaya Anthotheca occurs at medium to low altitudes in evergreen forests and riverine fringe forests. In Tanzania it is commonly found in the foothills of mountain ranges, in well-drained soils, swamps and riverine areas. It has been successfully grown in South Africa, Cuba and Puerto Rico.
The wood weathers well and resists borers and termites. It is moderately resistant to fungal decay. The timber saws well but is inclined to be tough so sharp equipment is needed. It is a popular wood for furniture, flooring, paneling and boat building.
Source: Indigenous multipurpose trees of Tanzania: Uses and economic benefits for people. Deborah A. Hines & Karlyn Eckman. 1993.
Maesopsis eminii
Natural occurrence in a band across Africa from Kenya to Liberia between 8°N and 6°S where it is mainly found on the fringes of high forests in the ecozone between rainforest and savannah. It is an early successional species, adept at colonising disturbed areas in forests. Within the area of natural distribution it is found in the lowlands and up to 1800 m altitude.
In plantations it is normally planted in the lowland and grows best at altitudes from 600 to 900 m. Prefers mean annual rainfall of 1200-3600 mm and tolerates a dry season of up to 4 months. Prefers deep, well-drained soils but can grow on light soils if there is sufficient water.
The pulpwood is comparable with other hardwoods used for pulp production. It is used in agroforestry as a shade tree for cocoa, coffee, cardamom and tea and planted for erosion control.
Source: Danida Forest Seed Centre. Seed leaflet No. 48 November 2000, Dorthe Jøker
Pinus caribaea
Native to Central America and the Caribbean, widely planted throughout the American, Asian and African tropics and subtropics. It grows best in frost-free areas up to 700 m altitude on more fertile sites with good drainage and annual rainfall of 1000 - 3000 mm.
P. caribaea grows up to 45 m tall and 1 m in diameter, with conical and irregular crown. Bark is grey on young trees, later dark and with fissures. Needles in fascicles of 3-5 at the ends of twigs, mostly 15-25 cm long, up to 1.5 mm broad, slightly toothed, with whitish lines. The needles remain attached for 2 years.
Source: Rodolfo Salazar, CATIE. Dorthe Jøker, DFSC. Seed leaflet No. 40. September 2000
Pinus elliottii
A native to North Ameica, the P. elliottii is a large, stately, heavily branched, long-needled conifer with a rapid growth rate and is capable of reaching 30 m in height. The six inch-long cones appear among the dark green, eight inch long needles and are favored by wildlife.
The grey-brown bark is deeply furrowed and scaly. The heart wood is reddish brown varying to shades of yellow and the sapwood is usually pale yellow to yellow. It has great economic value as a timber tree for lumber, pulp and paper.
Reference: Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson Fact Sheet ST-285. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. October 1994.
And Australian plantation information network.
Pinus oocarpa
Native to Mexico and Central America P. oocarpa has a geographic range of 3000 km from Sinaloa, Mexico to central Nicaragua and is the most common pine in the southern half of Mexico and Central America. It is a medium-to-large tree about 20 to 35 m in height and 45 to 80 cm d.b.h.
An estimated several hundred thousand hectares are planted in the tropics, primarily Brazil, as an exotic. Growers like its good wood quality, its ability to sprout from cut stumps and the ease with which its vegetatively propagates, as well as its usefulness in developing hybrids with other tropical and subtropical pines.
Source: W. S. Dvorak. Central America and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative (CAMCORE) Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University.
Pinus patula
Native to Central America, P. patula occurs naturally in the eastern, western and southern part of Mexico. P. patula is a closed-cone pine with straight stem form, reddish flaky bark and pale-green pendent foliage.
It can reach a height of 35 m and 80 cm d.b.h. It grows on fertile, welldrained soils on mountain ridges and slopes and is most common between 2100 and 2800 m.
It generally occupies sites that receive between 1000 and 2000 mm of annual rainfall. The species is grown primarily in plantations for pulp, paper and sawtimber, but is also used by some for charcoal.
The wood from plantation-grown P. patula is whitish to yellow whitish, with slightly pinkish heartwood and has a low percent of extractives.
Source: W. S. Dvorak. Central America and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative (CAMCORE) Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University.
Tectona grandis
Native to the south and southeast of Asia, it is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation.
The timber is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture, boat decks and other articles where weather resistance is desired. It is also used for indoor flooring and as a veneer for indoor furnishings.
Teak is easily worked and has natural oils that make it suitable for use in exposed locations, where it is durable even when not treated with oil or varnish. Its popularity has led to growth in sustainable production throughout the seasonally dry tropics in forestry plantations.
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
Terminalia superba
Relatively new species in plantations, the Terminalia superba is native to West and Central Africa, where it has a broad distribution. The wood is yellowish to brownish-black and of varying hardness and weight.
The wood can be easily worked, but has a tendency to split when nailed or screwed.
The timber is used for plywood, furniture, interior joinery, decorative veneers and musical instruments and is prized for its workability and excellent colour and finish.
Source: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
And Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
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